Then the imam says silently a'udhu billahi min al-Shaytan al-Rajim (i.e. ‘I seek shelter with Allah against Satan, the accursed.’) He then recites the Qur’an aloud, reciting after al-Fatihah Surah Al Al'ala (87) in the first rak'ah and Surah Al Ghashia (88) in the second, as it is reported by Jabir ibn Samurah that the Prophet (peace be upon him) did that
Description of Eid prayer: The Eid prayer consists of two rak'ahs, similar to the Friday prayer, In the first rak'ah and after the Takbeer (glorification), Allah-u akbar, and the opening supplication, the same after that, al-Fatiha and another surah are recited glorification of takbeer is repeated seven more times, after that, al-Fatiha and another surah are recited . In the second rak'ah the same takbeer is repeated five times, other than the takbeer for standing up from sujood before reciting al-Fatihah. This is based on the hadith.
It is recommended to start the Eid al-Adha prayer at the beginning of its time range and to delay the Eid al-Fitr prayer because the Prophet (peace be upon him) did that. People need to attend to their sacrifice after the prayer at Eid al-Adha, while the delay in Eid al-Fitr prayer helps a person who has not yet paid Zakat al-Fitr to pay it, as it must be paid up to immediately before the prayer.
The Eid prayer becomes due at the time when the Sunnah prayer known as Duha is due, which means it starts when the sun has risen in the sky about one spear’s length. This is when the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his successors used to offer it, and prior to the sun being at that height, prayer is discouraged.
There are 10 forbidden types of food mentioned in Allah’s book. Allah says: ‘Forbidden to you are carrion, blood, the flesh of swine; and that over which any name other than Allah’s has been invoked; and the animal that has been strangled, or beaten to death, or killed by a fall, or gored to death, or savaged by a beast of prey, except that which you may have slaughtered when it is still alive, and [forbidden to you are] animals that have been slaughtered on idolatrous altars’ (5: 3).
The principal rule is that every type of food that is clean and harmless is permissible. Permissible food is either vegetarian produce, or animal meat.
The basic rule that defines what is permissible or forbidden to eat is the Qur'anic verse that says: ‘Say: “In all that has been revealed to me, I do not find anything forbidden to eat, if one wishes to eat thereof, unless it be carrion, or blood poured forth, or the flesh of swine – for all that is unclean – or a sinful offering over which any name other than Allah’s has been invoked. But if one is driven by necessity, neither intending disobedience nor exceeding his bare need, then know that your Lord is Much-Forgiving, Ever-Merciful”’ (6: 145).
A man may vow that he would drink wine, or a woman may pledge that she would fast when she is in the period. These are forbidden actions and such pledges must be ignored and never fulfilled.
Pledges may be valid or invalid; permissible or forbidden; binding or worthless. A pledge is valid and binding if it involves something good, such as a voluntary act of worship, with the pledging person hoping to earn Allah’s pleasure.
It must be a valid oath, intended by the swearer for something to happen. The oath is not valid unless sworn by Allah, or one of His names or attributes.
Allah, in His mercy, has made clear a way to go back on one’s oath and release oneself from its import. Allah says: ‘Allah has already ordained for you [believers] a way to release you from such oaths’ (66: 2).
Idle oath: This is when a person says the words of an oath without intending his statement as an oath. He may say, for example, ‘Yes, by Allah’, or ‘No, by Allah’.
An oath is made to confirm something by Allah’s name or one of His attributes. Oaths may be classified into three categories with respect to their validity and commitment.
Punishment are of two types. The first is to neglect or omit duties when one is able to fulfil them, such as the repayment of debts, delivering things held in trust to their rightful owners, safeguarding the property of orphans and delivering these when the orphans come of age. Any of these may be punished by Ta'zir until the person concerned does his duty.
The punishment for drinking intoxicants is 40 lashes, but it may be increased to 80 if the Muslim ruler determines that such an increase is needed to make the punishment a more effective deterrent.
Allah has determined that the punishment for anyone who accuses a Muslim of adultery, without providing the necessary proof, is 80 lashes. Furthermore, the accuser is considered a fasiq, i.e. ‘transgressor’ and he is totally disqualified as a witness in any case whatsoever. This shows how grave this sin is…
It is absolutely forbidden to accuse anyone of immoral and lewd action. Allah says: ‘Those who accuse chaste women who may have been unthinkingly careless but remained true believers, shall be rejected by Allah in this world as well as in the life to come. They shall endure awesome suffering’ (24: 23).